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1990-07-05
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ID:D4 DOS 4.0 and Expanded Memory Drivers
DESQview 2.+ Technical Note
This note is somewhat preliminary since full testing and
evaluation of a new version of DOS takes quite a bit of time.
However, since some users may be planning to upgrade to DOS 4.0
or may be considering installing it on new machines, here is the
current, best information concerning running versions of DESQview
2.01 and earlier under DOS 4.0.
EXPANDED MEMORY DRIVER
DOS 4.0 provides two files, XMAEM.SYS and XMA2EMS.SYS that can be
used to provide expanded memory to some systems.
XMAEM.SYS: This driver is used to emulate an IBM XMA card
on 386 IBM machines. XMA is an IBM hardware specification
which uses a bank-switching technique. It should be noted
that on a hardware level, this is not EMS 3.2, EEMS or EMS
4.0. It is IBM's own method. The IBM 3270 Workstation
program uses XMA in its native mode, but any program that
uses LIM style memory requires an additional EMS emulation
driver on top of XMAEM.SYS systems or XMA boards.
XMA2EMS.SYS: This driver when used with a 386 that has
XMAEM.SYS loaded or when used with an XMA board, emulates
EMS 4.0. This driver seems to do a reasonably good job of
emulating the EMS 4.0 spec, but is limited for DESQview
users in that it cannot set EMS pages in the 0-640K area and
cannot be made to set pages into high (640K-1meg) memory
addresses other than the EMS 64K Page Frame. This driver
can be used for DESQview program swapping, but not to
support multi-tasking in expanded memory.
***** Consumer Alert! *****
Dos 4.0 defines EMS 4.0 pages 254 and 255 to be reserved for
the use of the DOS 4.0 utilities: BUFFERS, FASTOPEN and
VDISK. This function can be utilized by allocating specific
physical 16K pages for P254 and P255 on the expanded memory
driver line in CONFIG.SYS. These three utilities can then
access this memory by giving them a "/X" parameter.
This represents an addition to the LIM 4.0 specification by
IBM. It is not supported by the specification as outlined by
Lotus, Intel and Microsoft. It is not supported by
Quarterdeck's QEMM driver or any other EMS 4.0 driver other
than IBM's. Quarterdeck believes users should not use the
"/X" switch to load any of the above mentioned utilities as
other EMS 4.0 software will not be able to detect this
special usage of EMS and may overwrite these pages. Since
the BUFFERS driver contains directory information, this
could lead to the loss of information on your hard disk.
It remains to be seen how this will "sort out". It is
possible that these IBM additions will eventually become a
recognized addition to the EMS 4.0 spec, but for the
present, we strongly recommend you do not use the "/X"
parameter for BUFFERS, FASTOPEN and VDISK at any time,
whether using DESQview or not.
****************
Comparison of XMAEM and XMA2EMS and DESQview's QEMM products:
Unless you don't have the QEMM products, there is no
particular reason to use the IBM drivers.
On a 386: IBM's drivers (both of which must be used), take
19K of overhead vs. 1.5K for QEMM. It does not provide
memory sorting, loading high of TSR's, caching of ROMS,
virtual screen support or QEMM and the memory mapped can
only be used as swap space. Even if you are not using
DESQview, QEMM is probably a better driver.
On expanded memory boards: The IBM drivers cannot be used
on these boards. Only on IBM XMA boards. You will still
need to run the expanded memory driver that came with the
board.
On Model 50/60 with memory expansion: If you are not
running DESQview, the IBM drivers will probably work well
for expanded memory users such as Lotus 1-2-3, but do not
provide the motherboard or 640K-1meg. mapping that is
desirable for multi-tasking programs.